Rubber Boa

Posted on April 16, 2016 by tspuckler

When most people hear the word “boa” they think of a tropical serpent of gigantic proportions. But not only is the Rubber Boa the most northerly-occurring member of the boa and python family, it also is rather small, never getting to 3 feet in length.

Named for its lithe, pliable skin, this reptile, especially in older literature, is sometimes called the “Two-headed Snake,” since its blunt tail is about the same size and shape of its head.

The Rubber Boa is shy and rarely attempts to bite when caught. It is slow-moving and tends to curl up in a ball and hide its head when confronted with danger that it cannot escape from.

Unlike most snakes, the very secretive Rubber Boa likes relatively cool temperatures – 50-60 degrees. These snakes have a subterranean existence at least some of the time, they disappear in warm weather and seek cooler surroundings and moisture – often underground.

This snake was found on a mountain. Because they tend to live in relatively cold areas of the United States and sometimes at high elevations, these snakes may hibernate six months out of the year in some areas.

They are small, averaging 20-25 inches. Rubber Boas are unicolored and usually a drab shade of grey, brown or olive-green. It’s odd lifestyle and habits make this one of North America’s most unique serpents.

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Yellow-bellied Water Snake

Posted on November 28, 2015 by tspuckler

This is the most commonly encountered water snake on my recent trip to southern Illinois. It is named for its yellow belly. Its coloration is mainly gray or greenish with little or no pattern.

Like other species of water snakes, Yellow-bellied Water Snakes give birth to live offspring. The young are pale gray, with a pinkish cast on the sides, with squarish, alternating blotches. These markings begin to disappear during their second year.

Yellow-bellied Water Snakes are a species that is found in swamps, lakes and ponds – where it can be seen basking on overhanging branches or logs in the water.

Water snakes are not constrictors; they simply overpower their food. This species has a preference for frogs, toads, tadpoles and salamanders – but it also eats fish and crayfish.

The Yellow-bellied Water Snake is less aquatic than the other water snakes. During hot, humid weather, it will travel considerable distances away from water. It is unique among water snakes in that it often flees onto land, instead of diving underwater when approached like most species of water snakes.

I enjoy encountering these reptiles, which are quite different looking than the Northern Water Snakes I commonly see in my home state of Ohio.

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California Mountain Kingsnake

Posted on June 13, 2015 by tspuckler

The most exciting part of my recent visit to southern California was seeing a few of these spectacular serpents in the field. This is one of the most strikingly colored snakes in North America. Its colors really stand out on its smooth, shiny scales.

This reptile is endemic to North America and a Coral Snake mimic, having a similar pattern consisting of red, black, and yellow on its body, but kingsnakes are completely harmless.

These are slender, smooth and medium-sized snakes usually about 24-30 inches long. Most California Mountain Kingsnakes live in the mountains of California, but they can adapt to a wide variety of habitats, including coniferous forests, oak-pine woodlands, riparian woodlands, chaparrals and coastal sage scrubs.

California Mountain Kingsnakes are constrictors, their diet includes lizards, smaller snakes, nestling birds and bird eggs and small mammals.

This species is mostly diurnal, but can be active at night in warmer weather. They are excellent climbers and prefer southwestern facing slopes, often retreating beneath granite flakes of rocks. It was awesome to see this species of snake in the wild.

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Western Patchnose Snake

Posted on May 29, 2014 by tspuckler

While hiking in the Cerbat Mountains in Arizona, I encountered this slender 3 foot snake. Most noticeable is the large, patch-like scale on the end of its nose. These tend to be earthtone snakes with black stripes.

The Western Patchnose Snake is found in sandy soils or rocky areas in lowland desert with open creosote bush flats or desert scrub. It is a very fast-moving snake and can disappear quickly if threatened.

It’s eyes are large relative to the size of the head, which is an indication that this is a day-active predator that hunts mainly by sight.

The enlarged scale on its nose is useful for burrowing while in search of its food: lizards, small mammals and reptile eggs. This snake does not constrict its prey, though it does throw loops of its body on top of the prey to subdue it.

Many animals have curious adaptations that give them an advantage in surviving the natural world in which they inhabit. This reptile’s special scale, which appears as if it had been patched on in haste, gives it an edge when rooting out food items from the ground.

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Longnose Snake

Posted on May 21, 2014 by tspuckler

This slender snake tends to reach a length of about 3 feet. While there is considerable variation in pattern and color, generally this snake is banded or blotched with black, white (or yellow) and red.

Active primarily at night, this small constrictor primarily eats lizards and their eggs, but it will also eat small snakes and small mammals.

It is a ground burrower and like most desert snakes, it spends the majority of the hot daytime hours underground. The Longnose Snake prefers living in rocky or brushy habitat in desert, grassland and scrubland areas.

This is a gentle species that sometimes vibrates it tail when annoyed or hides its head in its coils when trying to avoid a potential enemy. I’ve caught quite a few of them over the years and have never had one attempt to bite.

This is one of my favorite desert snakes, as no two look exactly alike.

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Eastern Worm Snake

Posted on May 4, 2014 by tspuckler

Worm Snakes are small snakes, only growing to about a foot long. Their color can vary from pinkish-brown to dark-brown. They somewhat resemble earthworms and spend most of their time underground, which is how they get their name. They are seldom seen.

These reptiles are found where there is damp soil, especially in forests. They seem to prefer soils with abundant leaf litter. These snakes also live in meadows and along lakeshores.

Their tail has a sharp tip. Although harmless to humans, this species will often press its pointed tail tip against its captor. Scientists think the pointy tail tip aids the snake in digging.

Worm Snakes eat more earthworms than anything else. Other foods include slugs, snails, small salamanders and soft-bodied insect larvae like grubs and caterpillars.

The scales of this reptile are smooth, iridescent and feel like satin. They have a pointed, flattened head and very tiny black eyes.

These fascinating snakes are not native to northern Ohio (where I live) so this one was a pleasant find on my recent trip to Kentucky.

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Sharp-tailed Snake

Posted on April 2, 2014 by tspuckler

The small snake is unique in many ways. It does not seem to have a close relationship with any other snake species. It is secretive and little is known about its lifestyle and habits.

The tip of the tail has a sharp spine whose function no one seems to have figured out. It may be an anti-predator defense, or an aid in burrowing; perhaps it anchors the snake when it is digging or eating.

Adult Sharp-tailed Snakes are small – usually about a foot long. They specialize in eating slugs and have proportionally long teeth to catch and hold onto their slippery prey. They seem to prefer invasive European slugs over native varieties and may be expanding their range as new gardens and flower beds are made by people.

Due to its food preference, this snake is out and about when temperatures are so cool that most other snakes would are inactive. It sometimes can be seen crawling on the forest floor during rainstorms. They like to live in small clearings in forests. These reptiles can also be found under stones bordering gardens. They burrow into damp soil and rotting logs, retreating underground when the weather becomes dry.

I always enjoy coming across this unusual little serpent in the field. A Sharp-tailed Snake was the first California snake I ever found, underneath a piece of fallen Redwood Tree bark 10 years ago.

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Western Mud Snake

Posted on October 6, 2013 by tspuckler

Today I found one of the most unusual, elusive and beautiful snakes in the United States for the first time.

The Mud Snake is a highly-aquatic snake that is seldom seen because of its secretive habits. They are an iridescent glossy black with a red-and-black checkerboard belly pattern and the red often extends up the sides of the body.

Mud Snakes have a spine-like scale at the tip of their tail, and thus are sometimes known as “horn snakes.”

They are highly aquatic and spend most of their lives hidden in aquatic vegetation and debris. Unlike many other water snakes, Mud Snakes seldom bask out of the water and are seldom seen, even by dedicated naturalists and herpetologists.

Adults feed primarily on giant aquatic eel-like salamanders. It uses its uniquely pointed tail to prod its prey, causing it to uncoil for easier swallowing. Though the example I found was about two feet, this snake can grow to six feet in length.

It was a thrill to finally encounter this fascinating reptile for the first time.

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Eastern Fox Snake

Posted on June 30, 2013 by tspuckler

Listed as a “Species of Concern” by the Ohio Division of Wildlife, this reptile has a limited distribution around Lakes Erie and Huron in the United States and Canada. In Ohio, it is known from Lucas, Wood, Ottawa, Sandusky and Erie counties.

I was vacationing in this snake’s habitat earlier in the month and I came across one crawling alongside a hiking trail. Eastern Fox Snakes are major predators of small rodents, which can be agricultural pests. The fox snake is an excellent climber and a good swimmer, but it is seen more often on the ground. It frequents fields near streams and marshes.

This constrictor is one of Ohio’s largest snakes and may grow to over five feet long. Its color is a yellowish to golden brown, with series of large dark brown blotches. The head is often more red or “coppery” than the body.

One of the defense mechanisms of the fox snake is to vibrate its tail as a warning to potential predators. This creates a sound similar to that of a rattlesnake by the rustling of the leaves beneath the snake.

When an Eastern Fox Snake is threatened it will secrete a strong substance which some say smells like the musty scent of a fox, hence the name “fox snake.”

It was awesome to come across one of these snakes once again in the wild and better still to share the experience with my niece and nephew.

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Spotted Leafnose Snake

Posted on June 12, 2013 by tspuckler

While driving in the Arizona desert at night, I spotted a silvery reflection in the road up ahead. I knew it must be a snake, so I hit the brakes, got out of the car, and went over to investigate.

The Spotted Leafnose Snake lives in areas with mixed sandy soil and rocky or firm soil with some brush cover. It is a small serpent, growing to about 18 inches. It is secretive and nocturnal. This snake preys extensively on small lizards and their eggs, especially geckos.

The genus name Phyllorhynchus is composed of two Greek words; phyllos, meaning “leaf”, and rhynchos, meaning “nose” or “snout.”

The enlarged nose scale is believed to aid in burrowing, though this little snake, because of its super-secretive nature, is still shrouded in mystery.

After taking a few photographs, I carried the snake to the other side of the road and released it into the night.

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Category Archives: Snakes (Wild)

Rubber Boa

Yellow-bellied Water Snake

California Mountain Kingsnake

Western Patchnose Snake

Longnose Snake

Eastern Worm Snake

Sharp-tailed Snake

Western Mud Snake

Eastern Fox Snake

Spotted Leafnose Snake